Tuesday, December 22, 2009
蝴蝶效應, 青蛙現象, 鱷魚法則
蝴蝶效應是說,初始條件十分微小的變化經過不斷放大,對其未來狀態會造成極其巨大的差別。有些小事可以糊塗,有些小事如經系統放大,則對一個組織、一個國家來說是很重要的,就不能糊塗。
2、青蛙現象:把一只青蛙直接放進熱水鍋裏,由於它對不良環境的反應十分敏感,就會迅速跳出鍋外。如果把一個青蛙放進冷水鍋裏,慢慢地加溫,青蛙並不會立即跳出鍋外,水溫逐漸提高的最終結局是青蛙被煮死了,因為等水溫高到青蛙無法忍受時,它已經來不及、或者說是沒有能力跳出鍋外了。
青蛙現象告訴我們,一些突變事件,往往容易引起人們的警覺,而易致人於死地的卻是在自我感覺良好的情況下,對實際情況的逐漸惡化,沒有清醒的察覺。
3、鱷魚法則:其原意是假定一只鱷魚咬住你的腳,如果你用手去試圖掙脫你的腳,鱷魚便會同時咬住你的腳與手。你愈掙紮,就被咬住得越多。所以,萬一鱷魚咬住你的腳,你唯一的辦法就是犧牲一只腳。
譬如在股市中,鱷魚法則就是:當你發現自己的交易背離了市場的方向,必須立即止損,不得有任何延誤,不得存有任何僥幸。
4、鮎魚效應:以前,沙丁魚在運輸過程中成活率很低。後有人發現,若在沙丁魚中放一條鮎魚,情況卻有所改觀,成活率會大大提高。這是何故呢?
原來鮎魚在到了一個陌生的環境後,就會“性情急躁”,四處亂遊,這對於大量好靜的沙丁魚來說,無疑起到了攪拌作用;而沙丁魚發現多了這樣一個“異已分子”,自然也很緊張,加速遊動。這樣沙丁魚缺氧的問題就迎刃而解了,沙丁魚也就不會死了。
5、羊群效應:頭羊往哪裏走,後面的羊就跟著往哪裏走。
羊群效應最早是股票投資中的一個術語,主要是指投資者在交易過程中存在學習與模仿現象,“有樣學樣”,盲目效仿別人,從而導致他們在某段時期內買賣相同的股票。
6、刺猬法則:兩只困倦的刺猬,由於寒冷而擁在一起。可因為各自身上都長著刺,於是它們離開了一段距離,但又冷得受不了,於是湊到一起。幾經折騰,兩只刺猬終於找到一個合適的距離:既能互相獲得對方的溫暖而又不至於被紮。
刺猬法則主要是指人際交往中的“心理距離效應”。
7、手表定律:手表定律是指一個人有一只表時,可以知道現在是幾點鐘,而當他同時擁有兩只時卻無法確定。兩只表並不能告訴一個人更準確的時間,反而會使看表的人失去對準確時間的信心。
手表定律在企業管理方面給我們一種非常直觀的啟發,就是對同一個人或同一個組織不能同時采用兩種不同的方法,不能同時設置兩個不同的目標,甚至每一個人不能由兩個人來同時指揮,否則將使這個企業或者個人無所適從。
8、破窗理論:一個房子如果窗戶破了,沒有人去修補,隔不久,其它的窗戶也會莫名其妙地被人打破;一面墻,如果出現一些塗鴉沒有被清洗掉,很快的,墻上就布滿了亂七八糟、不堪入目的東西;一個很幹凈的地方,人們不好意思丟垃圾,但是一旦地上有垃圾出現之後,人就會毫不猶疑地拋,絲毫不覺羞愧。
9、二八定律(巴萊多定律):19世紀末20世紀初意大利的經濟學家巴萊多認為,在任何一組東西中,最重要的只占其中一小部分,約20%,其余80% 盡管是多數,卻是次要的。 社會約80%的財富集中在20%的人手裏,而80%的人只擁有20%的社會財富。這種統計的不平衡性在社會、經濟及生活中無處不在,這就是二八法則。
二八法則告訴我們,不要平均地分析、處理和看待問題,企業經營和管理中要抓住關鍵的少數;要找出那些能給企業帶來80%利潤、總量卻僅占20%的關鍵客戶,加強服務,達到事半功倍的效果;企業領導人要對工作認真分類分析,要把主要精力花在解決主要問題、抓主要項目上。
10、木桶理論:組成木桶的木板如果長短不齊,那麽木桶的盛水量不是取決於最長的那一塊木板,而是取決於最短的那一塊木板。
11、馬太效應:《聖經·馬太福音》中有一句名言:“凡有的,還要加給他,叫他有余;沒有的,連他所有的,也要奪過來。”
社會學家從中引申出了“馬太效應”,用以描述社會生活領域中普遍存在的兩極分化現象。
我補充一個旅鼠效應Lemmings Effect 旅鼠效應(Arctic Hamster Effect 或 Lemmings Effect):
泛指在團體中盲目跟隨的行為,借用來描述無理性的社會集體行為
Thursday, August 27, 2009
Sink and Faucet
What could be more basic and functionally unchanging as a sink? To demonstrate the danger in this assumption, here is a look at how sink designers are abandoning the generic, water-intensive styles of old in favor of new designs heavily influenced by the natural world, technological innovation and the desire to conserve water. Here are 16 designs that certainly create a splash (sorry, had to be done).
(Images via: Kanera)
Gone are the days when sinks were ruled by right angles and flat surfaces. Today it’s a more natural, water-weathered look that designers seek to evoke. The surface of the Kanera E 1 itself looks liquid, a scoop of modern material (ceramic) that holds water just like a seaside rock pool - and thankfully deep enough under the faucet to prevent any tidal surprises.
(Image via: WMD London and Design Milk)
The Follo also goes for shallow-curve basins (perhaps in this case a little too shallow) and an aesthetic that looks like a cross between painted planking and upholstery. This design has only recently been unveiled by designer Will MacCormac so details are sketchy - will be interesting to see how it actually functions.
(Images via: Gore Design Co.)
What happens when water erodes a softer, more porous material? Gore Design Co. have evidently been studying this intently, as their eye-catching concrete Erosion sinks demonstrate. As with the previous two sinks, there is an ecological message at work: “you do not need to use so much water”. The terraced sides of this bowl will fill up in no time.
(Image via: HighTech)
Taking inspiration more directly from Nature (and thumbing its nose at the myth of the manifest Coriolis effect) is the Ammonite Sink, named after the extinct marine animals that have left such bewitching fossils for us along the shorelines of the world. It is again fashioned from concrete to a variety of widths, and will give you hours of fun chasing dropped bars of soap out of its depths.
(Images via: Nothing Design Group)
Where the previous sinks took inspiration from the effect of falling water on stone, the Origin Sink is more interested in the river itself. Lift a stone and the source gushes out and winds its way down to the end of its journey, a plughole capped by another stone. Sidestepping queries about just how snug-fitting those stones will have to be, it’s a relaxing change from the roaring torrent of most sink designs.
(Images via: Axolute)
It’s a magic trick within a sink. Where does the water go? Wave your hand underneath to demonstrate the lack of plughole - but don’t let baffled onlookers too close, or they might see the water draining away horizontally into the wall. The “Horizontal Integrated Siphon” system is a neat and stylish way to hide the plumbing and put a sink into the narrowest of spaces. (And it’s a great party trick).
(Images via: Maja Ganszyniec)
Thinking along the same lines is designer Maja Ganszyniec with the Plugless Sink. Once you’ve finished with your bowl of collected water, tip it backwards into the spillway and you’re ready to go again. It is designed to force to to dispose of the water yourself, and thus gain an appreciate of how much you’re sending down the drain, along with a distinctive modern-yet-retro vibe.
(Images via: Gessi and Graff)
There’s no mistaking these sinks as anything but modern. With the impressively severe-looking Rettanglo sinks, gravity does all the work as water is delivered vertically from the ceiling (at, we would hope, a sensible pressure). Bending this concept a little is the Graff Luna basin, a three foot long faucet like a sword or the rib of a ship, delivering water into a bowl. The only forseeable problem is explaining to guests what it really is before they experimentally try to tug it off the wall.
(Image via: Homeclick)
The cutting-edge modern sink isn’t content to just deliver hot and cold running water. Take the Moody Aquarium Sink from Italbrass. It’s all the rewarding work of a fully-functional fishtank, coupled with the decidely odd sensation of washing your hands in it. The soap dishes on either side of the watertight main basin conceal entrances into the tank, allowing feeding and maintenance, and the whole structure is mounted on an integrated chrome finish brass stand. What do the fish make of it all?
(Images via: Coco Reynolds and Gaiam.
If space is at a premium in your house and you are keen to double up on your appliance functionality, the Ladybird and the Toilet Sink should catch your eye. The former has a detachable top that converts it into a cosy bathtub - certainly not one to stretch out in, but a gem of space-saving economy. The latter uses the clean water that rushes into your commode with every flush, diverting some of it through a faucet in the top and saving the need for a separately-plumbed tap. A thumbs-up for water economy, and perfectly hygienic.
(Images via: Antoine LeBrun)
Finally, some sinks that aim to prove that electronic technology has a place next to running water. The dazzling and ambitious Brandt Aion is a garden that washes your dishes. Open it up and use the cooking and draining surfaces, and when you are ready, shut it down and an automatic dish washing cycle will start (digitally indicated on the front of the unit), using vegetable soap that is created by the plants in the lid. Meanwhile, those same plants help scrub the air in your kitchen. Truly ahead of its time.
(Images via: WET and Gizmodo)
Washing your hands at the Meltdown sink is a treat for the senses. As the water runs, internal speakers play soothing music (perhaps something by Wet Wet Wet?) and the body lights up, projecting images onto the underneath of its recyclable Polyethylene surface. If you are so impressed by this light and sound display that you lose track of time, you may want to fit an iSave Faucet Counter - it monitors and displays the amount of water running away. As with all the sinks featured, it’s there to make you rethink something as simple as washing your hands.
Saturday, August 15, 2009
Dance Palace by UNStudio
Dutch architects UNStudio have won a competition to design a dance theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Clad in triangular panels of varying opacity, the building will be situated on a new square in the historic centre of the city.
The two horseshoe-shaped auditoriums will have a combined capacity of 1,300.
“An essential requirement when we were designing the auditorium was to make it possible to see the dancer’s feet from every seat in the hall at all times, no matter where the performer was positioned on the stage,” explains Ben van Berkel of UNStudio.
Here’s some more information from UNStudio:
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Dance Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2009 - UNStudio/ Ben van Berkel’s design selected for Dance Palace in the historic centre of St. Peterburg
UNStudio’s design has been selected in the competition for a 21,000 square meter dance theatre in the historic centre of St. Petersburg. The new complex houses The Eifman Ballet of St. Petersburg, headed by the prolific choreographer Boris Eifman. From the four projects presented (Jean Nouvel (FR), UNStudio (NL), Snøhetta (NO), ZAO (RU)), UNStudio’s design was yesterday unanimously chosen by the jury for realisation.
The Dance Palace forms an integrated part of the European Embankment city quarter masterplan for a new urban square in the historic centre of St. Petersburg.
According to Ben van Berkel, “The urban context of the building is essential to the design. The Dance Palace is positioned on the square in such a way as to allow for unrestricted visibility towards the nearby Prince Vladimir and Peter and Paul cathedrals, thereby framing some of the most exceptional buildings in St. Petersburg. The sculptural qualities of the Dance Palace reflect those of the surrounding buildings in the masterplan, providing a connection to its surroundings yet still retaining saliency. A central main entrance is incorporated into the façade design in order to fully integrate the building into this lively public square.”
UNStudio’s design for the Dance Palace presents an open and inviting theatre building with provision for 1300 guests (large auditorium 1000, small auditorium 300). Programmatic considerations focus on the spacious circulation of the public foyer and the transparent relationship to the surrounding public square and the city. Integration with the existing neighbouring buildings is achieved by both the scale of the building - which in elevation follows and respects St. Petersburg’s typical 28m roofline – and the transformative transparency which is introduced by a facade system of triangular cladding panels. The variation between opaque and perforated panels creates a controlled openness, depending on programme, views and orientation.
Ben van Berkel says of the foyer design, “The vertical foyer provides a high level of transparency from inside to outside, whilst also presenting a kind of stage for visitors to the theatre; a place to see and be seen. The open arrangement and balcony structure in the foyer provides plateaus for its own choreography of both intimacy and exposure.”
The stage
Essential to UNStudio’s design for the main auditorium in the new dance theatre are both the acoustic considerations and the proximity of the audience to the stage. For this reason the horseshoe form was chosen. This form is considered to be one of the most successful forms acoustically in ballet and musical theatre for both performer and audience, whilst the proximity it affords to the stage ensures an intimate and collective experience for the spectator.
Engineering: ARUP
Theatre consultant: theateradvies bv, Amsterdam
Client: OOO “Peterburg City”
Location: St. Petersburg, Russia
Building surface: 21,000 m2
Building height: 28 m
Status: 1st prize competition entry
Credits:
UNStudio
Ben van Berkel, Gerard Loozekoot with Christian Veddeler, Wouter de Jonge and Jan Schellhoff and Kyle Miller, Maud van Hees, Hans-Peter Nuenning, Arnd Willert, Nanang Santoso, Imola Berczi, Tade Godbersen, Patrik Noome
Advisors:
Theatre consultant: theateradvies bv, Amsterdam Louis Janssen, Caroline Noteboom
Engineering:
ARUP
Jaap Wiedenhoff (Arup director), Soren Svare (Arup Russia), Arjan Habraken (Structures), Gerard Nouwens (MEP), Pascal Steenbakkers (Fire & coordinator), Helen Butcher (Acoustics), Rudi Scheuerman (Facades), Sergei Nikigorov (Arup Russia), Sam Wise (Acoustics and Costing), Oleg Romashkin (Arup Russia), Stanislav Korulin (Arup Russia), Lyudmilla Jones (Fire), George Faller (Fire), Daan van Konijnenburg (MEP), Christa de Vaan (MEP)
Petite Cargo Pickup Plays Transformer
Here’s the deal about this fantastic Cargo Pick-up concept: Traffic’s bad, it’s only gonna get worse with time. To tackle inner city deliveries, is this innovative battery powered vehicle that boasts of variable track, wheelbase and load carrying configurations. It features a Compact Mode, Narrow Mode (with banking corner action) and Pick-up Truck Mode. The Compact Mode sees the Pick-up section flushed to the back of the cabin. It’s an ideal situation for small deliveries. The Narrow mode gives reduced width and higher maneuverability and as the name suggests, the Pick-up Truck Mode allows you to carry larger payloads.
The Clip-On composite body panels give plenty of real estate for putting up adverts, which I think is a brilliant idea.
The CarGo Pod or the storage compartment when empty can be removed to further reduce the vehicle length.
Designer: Adam Schacter
TAIPEI PERFORMING ARTS CENTRE
以下是他的Mail原文.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
以下是補充資料
OMA wins competition for the Taipei Performing Arts Centre
After a two-phase international competition (with offices such as Morphosis, Abalos+Sentkiewicz, MVRDV and Zaha Hadid), OMA has been awarded the first prize in the design competition to build the new Taipei Performing Arts Centre.
The project, led by Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren, is based on 3 theaters (1 x 1,500 seats - the round one, 2 x 800 seats - cubes) which are plugged into a central cube cladded with corrugated glass. This scheme puts all the stage accommodations of the 3 theaters into the central cube, allowing for more flexibility as theaters can be used independently or combined, expanding the possibilities for experimental performances - an art which is very strong on the country. This new arrangement of stage and seatings includes a public circulation that exposes parts of the backstage to the public.
And now, my comments on the form.
I know that some of you will freak out with this, but if you have been to Taipei you´ll know that the local architecture is very figurative (ie: Taipei 101 as a bamboo stick/pagoda), so I think that this potent geometrical shapes we see on the models are the result of that, adapting to the local culture.
Also, this new disposal of the service/to-be-served spaces on a “theatrical” configuration brings to my mind the Seattle Public Library and how it changed the typical library approach, resulting on a new experience.
But still, it doesn´t blow my mind as other OMA projects have done in the past. Or am I missing something?
然後這是同樣參加競圖的其他幾個提案. 老實說 我比較喜歡這幾個
Abalos+Sentkiewicz project for the Taipei Performing Arts Centre
The two-phase international competition for the new Performing Arts Centre in Taipei included more than 100 offices from around the world. The competition was won by OMA, and generated an intense discussion on ArchDaily.
Now we bring you a proposal from the 2nd phase by spanish architects Ábalos + Sentkiewicz. We´ll try to get more projects so you can have the whole picture on this competition.
UPDATE: You can read Architect’s description after the break.
From human being origins, people doing circles around someone who is speaking, singing, dancing or arguing -under a tree shadow if possible- has been the main characteristic of performing. Our music halls maintain this original condition and extend their geometry to the whole complex, which turns into a group of big trees with a stratified structure, as the local tropical forest, working at the same time as a functional scheme and an environmental strategy:
- Over the trees a roof tour that conform a new landscape is proposed, giving identity to the complex.
- Music Halls are in the trees, organized around a principal lobby and two secondary ones. Each hall adopts a particular configuration reinforced by its different coloration (gold silver, bronze).
- Under the trees, topography splits in two: Upwards, composing a park protected from the sun and the rain. Downwards composing a complex of commercial galleries that extend the activity from Shilin Night Market and goes through the building.
Against the typical configuration of a principal and a back façade this project achieves a total urban isotropy, not only with four but with five facades in relation with the context.
Architects: Ábalos + Sentkiewicz Arquitectos
Location: Taipei, Taiwan
Client: Taipei City Government
Architects in Charge: Iñaki Abalos, Renata Sentkiewicz
Local Architects: Ricky Liu and Associates / Architects + Planners,
Project Team: Jorge Álvarez Builla (Project manager), Andrés Besomi Terrazas, Margaux Eyssette, Victor Garzón, Nissim Haguenauer, Pablo de la Hoz, Ismael Martín, Alfonso Miguel, Laura Torres Roa
Constructed Area: 48,105 sqm
Structural Engineer: Agustí Obiol. Boma / KLC & Associates
Green Architecture: Florencio Manteca. CENER
Performing Consultant: Wu Jing-Jyi, Hsu Po-Yun, Li Huan-Hsiun, Taiwan
Theatre consultants: Theateradvises BV, Netherlands / PAT,Taiwan
Stage mechanical: Ángel Pérez Sellers. Thyssen Krupp Spain
Acoustic Consultant: Higini Arau, Arau Acústica
M/E: Frontier Engineering / C.C.LEE & Associates
Prevention & Evacuation: Taiwan Fire Safety Consulting
Traffic: THI Consultants Inc, Taiwan
Model: Transference Cosmos Model, Taiwan
Infographics: Andrés Besomi Terrazas, Nissim Haguenauer, Pablo de la Hoz
Taipei Performing Arts Center proposal by NL Architects
Taipei Performing Arts Center proposal by Morphosis
jakob + macfarlane / dominique jakob : TPAC - taipei performing art center proposal
taipei performing arts center by jakob + macfarlane/ dominique jakob
image courtesy jakob + macfarlane and dominique jakob
we have recently featured projects for the taipei performing arts center
international competition. continuing our coverage here is the work of
french firm jakob + macfarlane and dominique jakob. in their work they
explore digital technology both as a conceptual consideration
and as a means of fabrication, using new materials.
they received an honorable mention for their design.
taipei performing arts center by jakob + macfarlane/ dominique jakob
image courtesy jakob + macfarlane and dominique jakob
taipei performing arts center interior
image courtesy jakob + macfarlane and dominique jakob
taipei performing arts center elevation
image courtesy jakob + macfarlane and dominique jakob
taipei performing arts center floor plan
image courtesy jakob + macfarlane and dominique jakob
最後....是這幾年一直自己抄自己的哈嬸....
zaha hadid architects: TPAC - taipei performing art center proposal
taipei performing arts center by zaha hadid architects
image courtesy zaha hadid architects
continuning our coverage of the TPAC - taipei performing art center international
competition here is zaha hadid architects design proposal which received
an honorable mention.
the fluid shaped building consisted of three theaters; a 1500 seat grand theater
and two 800 seat theaters.
taipei performing arts center
image courtesy zaha hadid architects
taipei performing arts center by zaha hadid architects
image courtesy zaha hadid architects
t: north elevation b: east elevation
image courtesy zaha hadid architects
MVRDV architects: taipei performing arts center international competition
taipei performing art center
image courtesy MVRDV architects
here is dutch firm MVRDV architects proposal for the TPAC - taipei performing
art center international competition. their design received an honorable mention.
with their design the three theaters are covered by a blanket proposed to be made
of sprayed insulated concrete (with substantial sustainable potential) and covered
with PU polished painting, giving it a subtle glance. the inside of the blanket is
covered with mirrors creating a reflective environment for the audience.
the blanket is punctured with glass windows that form a line pattern that is derived
from a traditional taiwanese piece of textile. this pattern illuminates the foyer
during the day.
taipei performing art center
image courtesy MVRDV architects
taipei performing art center
image courtesy MVRDV architects
taipei performing art center
image courtesy MVRDV architects
taipei performing art center plan
image courtesy MVRDV architects